解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Clinical and pathophysiological differences between Japanese and Caucasian patients are observed in many aspects of heart disease. Indeed, data derived from studies in one population cannot be automatically extrapolated to the other. The therapeutic goal of heart failure has recently been aimed at improving mortality ...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200427001-00004
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data from basic science and clinical studies suggest that hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide)-based regimens are effective treatment options for patients with HIV at various stages of disease. In vitro studies of HIV-infected lymphocytes have shown that hydroxyurea: (i) inhibits viral DNA synthesis; (ii) synergistically in...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200326090-00002
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prognosis is generally poor for patients who experience a cardiac arrest. The most common causes of sudden cardiac arrest are massive pulmonary embolism (PE) and acute myocardial infarction (MI). While thrombolysis is a first-line treatment option in massive PE and acute MI, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200326060-00001
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intranasal corticosteroids and intranasal antihistamines are efficacious topical therapies in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. This review addresses their relative roles in the management of this disease, focusing on their safety and tolerability profiles. The intranasal route of administration delivers drug direct...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200326120-00003
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients receiving warfarin therapy are discouraged from taking herbal medicines. Whether patients adhere to this advice and, if they do not, the types of products they use, are not known. OBJECTIVE:The objective of this observational study was to estimate the magnitude of use of herbal medicines among Chin...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00002018-200326080-00004
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transdermal fentanyl is effective and well tolerated for the treatment of chronic pain caused by malignancy and non-malignant conditions when administered according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Compared with oral opioids, the advantages of transdermal fentanyl include a lower incidence and impact of adverse ...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200326130-00004
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hepatic dysfunction, manifested as liver enzyme elevations, occurs frequently in patients who are treated with interferon, however, data for patients with multiple sclerosis are limited. OBJECTIVE:To retrospectively assess the safety profile of interferon-beta-1a therapy with respect to liver function durin...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2165/00002018-200326110-00006
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present review outlines the clinical relevance of pharmacokinetic drug interactions within the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor class. These interactions can result in markedly increased or decreased plasma concentrations of some drugs within this class. However, the relationship between altered plasma concentrations a...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200326010-00002
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Narcolepsy is a life-long central nervous system (CNS) syndrome characterised by excessive sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations and disturbed night-time sleep. Unsuccessfully treated narcolepsy confers increased risks on patients and on society due to the patient's increased chance of beco...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200225110-00004
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several anticancer drugs have been associated with cardiac toxicity, especially the anthracyclines and trastuzumab. The pathogenesis of anthracycline-associated toxicity has been well described, whereas the mechanism of trastuzumab-associated toxicity is unknown. Although routine cardiac imaging studies (e.g. echocard...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200225050-00001
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Randomised clinical trials offer a unique opportunity for capturing safety information under a controlled setting that minimises biases in the comparison of different therapeutic options. Nevertheless, empirical evidence across diverse medical fields suggests that the reporting of safety information in clinical trials...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200225020-00002
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data on the efficacy and tolerability of antiretrovirals in children are limited as, in contrast to adult studies, large paediatric cohort studies are lacking. Thus, data pertaining to adults are often extrapolated to children despite the acknowledgement that children are not little adults. This review summarises info...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200225140-00001
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anaemia is common in patients with haematological malignancy, occurring in the majority of patients with malignant disease who are treated with chemotherapy. Most patients will have their anaemia attributed to the cytokine-mediated anaemia of chronic disease. Many of these patients with anaemia will be symptomatic wit...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200225070-00006
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently prescribed to women of child-bearing age. Three case series highlight the possibility of a link between NSAIDs and reversible infertility. The pharmacological target of NSAIDs is cyclo-oxygenase (COX), which catalyses the first rate-limiting step in the prod...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200225080-00001
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The New Zealand Intensive Medicines Monitoring Programme (IMMP) undertakes prospective observational cohort studies on selected new drugs in the early postmarketing period using prescription-event monitoring (PEM) methodology with the purpose of identifying signals of previously unrecognised ADRs and establishing risk...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00002018-200225060-00007
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:During proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use, in clinical trials, headache is one of the most frequently reported adverse events (frequency 1.3 to 8.8%), while results of one observational study indicate that headache is the fifth most frequently reported adverse event (incidence densities 2.5 to 4.6 per 1000 patie...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00002018-200225040-00005
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is a major clinical and public health problem that there is no clear strategy as to how we best make use of information obtained when pregnant women take drugs. For this reason, some pregnant women are not treated as they should be and some are given drugs they should not use. We suggest a monitoring system that co...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00002018-200225010-00003
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Misoprostol, a prostaglandin E(1) analogue, is widely used in the US and other countries for cervical ripening and labour induction. Its use for these indications is not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The manufacturer of misoprostol issued a letter to American healthcare providers in August 200...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200225090-00005
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current antiretroviral therapy has lead to longer survival in patients infected with HIV, but it is also associated with new and important problems. Body fat redistribution and metabolic abnormalities, the so-called lipodystrophy syndrome, are among the most prevalent and worrisome ones. While an increasing number of ...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200124030-00001
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug interactions in patients receiving multiple drug regimens are a constant concern for the clinician. With the increased availability of new drugs and their concomitant use with other drugs, there has been a rise in the potential for adverse drug interactions as demonstrated by the recent withdrawals of newly marke...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200124100-00001
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug-induced torsade de pointes is a rare life-threatening adverse drug reaction (ADR) which is strongly influenced by gender. Drugs that prolong cardiac repolarisation include antiarrhythmics, gastrokinetics, antipsychotics, antihistamines and antibacterials. Such drugs share the potential to block cardiac voltage-ga...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200124080-00002
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the US, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) rank between the fourth to sixth leading cause of death, ahead of pneumonia and diabetes mellitus. An important reason for the high incidence of serious and fatal ADRs is that the existing drug development paradigms do not generate adequate information on the mechanistic source...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200124020-00001
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The increasing incidence of Crohn's disease has lead to speculation about changes in exposures to environmental or infectious agents. Considerable attention has focused on the role of measles infection and/or vaccination in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Current evidence regarding the asso...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200124130-00001
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In general, the selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) currently indicated for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer, i.e. tamoxifen and toremifene, are fairly well tolerated. However, tamoxifen has been shown to induce hepatocellular carcinomas in rats, but not in humans, and can increase the risk of ...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200124140-00003
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phytoestrogens, plant chemicals classified as isoflavones, coumestans and lignans, display estrogen-like activity because of their structural similarity to human estrogens and exhibit high affinity binding for the estrogen receptor beta. They are common components of food items such as grains, beans, fruits and nuts. ...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200124090-00003
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The complications of failure, neural injury and local anaesthetic toxicity are common to all regional anaesthesia techniques, and individual techniques are associated with specific complications. All potential candidates for regional anaesthesia should be thoroughly evaluated and informed of potential complications. I...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200124060-00002
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) cause deterioration in respiratory function in approximately 10% of adults with asthma and a smaller proportion of children with asthma. We propose evidence-based guidelines for the safe use of NSAIDs in individuals with asthma foll...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200124110-00004
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The detection of new drug safety signals is of growing importance with ever more new drugs becoming available and exposure to medicines increasing. The task of evaluating information relating to safety lies with national agencies and, for international data, with the World Health Organization Programme for I...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00002018-200023060-00004
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Minocycline is an antibacterial drug used in the treatment of acne. Concern has been expressed over the possibility of severe adverse reactions to minocycline, including hepatitis. This study set out to identify and characterise reported cases of hepatotoxicity associated with the use of minocycline. METHODS...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00002018-200023040-00006
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although inhaled and intranasal corticosteroids are first-line therapy for asthma and allergic rhinitis, there has recently been an increasing awareness of their propensity to produce systemic adverse effects. The availability of more potent and lipophilic corticosteroids and new chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-free formulat...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200023010-00002
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome has been improved for some patients by the introduction of adjunctive therapy with newer anticonvulsants such as lamotrigine and topiramate and the availability of vagal nerve stimulation and the re-emergence of the use of the ketogenic diet in recent years. The place of standa...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200022060-00005
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zopiclone is a cyclopyrrolone hypnosedative that is chemically unrelated to the benzodiazepines but nevertheless potentiates gamma-aminobutyric acid-mediated neuronal inhibition, and has demonstrated proven efficacy and good tolerability in the treatment of insomnia over 15 years of use. Zopiclone is indicated for sho...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199921060-00003
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Orally administered levodopa remains the most effective symptomatic treatment for Parkinson's disease. The introduction of levodopa therapy is often delayed, however, because of the fear that it might be toxic for the remaining dopaminergic neurons, and thus accelerate the deterioration of the patient's condition. Evi...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199921050-00001
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Opioids have been accepted as appropriate treatment for acute and cancer pain, but their role in the management of chronic nonmalignant pain is the subject of much debate, mainly due to concerns about waning efficacy, the potential for neuropsychological impairment and the development of drug addiction. Controlled cli...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199921040-00004
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The new generation fluoroquinolones -- sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, grepafloxacin and trovafloxacin -- have been designed to respond to the clinical need for extended antimicrobial cover in the face of increasing global microbial resistance. Their main focus is in the treatment of respiratory infections, particularly t...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199921020-00005
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus remains controversial. Since most patients are overweight or obese, regimens based on dietary modification and increased physical exercise are logical and safe treatment approaches. However, the long term impact of these interventions is frequently disappointing and pharmacoth...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199921010-00002
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Difficulty sleeping is a recognised tobacco withdrawal symptom, but sleep problems, like application site reactions, are commonly reported as adverse reactions to transdermal nicotine therapy. However, no studies have examined potential predictive factors associated with the occurrence of expected adverse ex...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00002018-199920060-00007
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of triple regimens, often called highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), generally involving 2 nucleoside analogues and an HIV protease inhibitor, have been endorsed as the standard of care for persons with HIV initiating therapy by a number of sets of international guidelines. The widespread availabilit...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199920040-00002
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent evidence from animal studies has raised the possibility that immunisation by vaccines can influence the pathogenesis of type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. In non-obese diabetic mice and biobreeding rats, complete Freund's adjuvant and bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine have successfully been used...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199920030-00001
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review evaluates the benefits and potential health risks of the currently used drugs that are approved for the pharmacological treatment of obesity. Analysis of several long term clinical trials indicates that all of these drugs are efficient in reducing excess bodyweight, and that the majority of them allow the ...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199920020-00003
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00